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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
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"notes": "Großwesir unter Sultan Suleiman I. von 1683-1685",
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Trained by Giovanni Battista Podestà at his seminar for eastern languages, he improved his language competence both in Vienna and Constantinople. He served in the Great Turkish War, and in 1687 he became a fully accredited interpreter and was posted to Siklós. Here he was soon captured by the Tatars. Attempts to ransom him were unsuccessful until 1689, he probably died in captivity.",
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "On the recommendation of his brother Giorgio Cleronome and Nikousios Panagotis, he was appointed to the post of apprentice interpreter alongside the Habsburgs’ residents in Constantinople. After his appointment as a fully trained interpreter in 1680, he served both in Vienna and Constantinople. From 1684 he took part in the Great Turkish War as a field interpreter, and died after the siege of Niš.",
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"end_date_written": "1692",
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "In 1686, he applied for a post as an interpreter in Buda, but was instead assigned to the Bavarian regiments. A year later he served as a field interpreter with the imperial military corps operating in the region of the river Tisza in Hungary. He died as an interpreter of general Federico Ambrosio Veterani in 1692.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "János SZABADOS: An interpreter on a diplomatic mission to the Grand Vizier. In Fons: Source Research and Historical Studies 27 (2020), 61-95.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016): 27–44.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Born around 1622, he was admitted to the apprentice interpreters in 1644, trained in Constantinople until 1651, then by Michel D´Asquier in Vienna - he was removed from the Porte due to his unsatisfying behavior. In 1653, he temporarily studied in Győr with Josephus Barbatus and performed minor interpreting duties. In 1658, he performed a minor diplomatic mission to the camp of the grand vizier in Belgrade, one year later he was sent with the internuntius to Constantinople and to the Ottoman governor-general of Buda. In Vienna, he was not only an interpreter for the Aulic War Council, but also an officer for the Oriental Trading Company and an escort for Ottoman and Tatar embassies. In 1672, he unsuccessfully applied for the position of resident envoy to Constantinople. In the Great Turkish War he served mostly in Vienna, and for shorter periods with general Caraffa in Upper Hungary and in Buda until his death in 1694.",
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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"name": "",
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"notes": "1. Ehefrau Damian Hugo von Virmonts",
"published": false,
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"name": "",
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"end_date": "1699-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1699-01-01",
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"start_date_written": "1650s",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19271/?format=api",
"id": 19271,
"name": "Mesgnien von Meninsky",
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"end_start_date": "1699-01-01",
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages, chief interpreter",
"references": "Bohdan BARANOWSKI: F. Mesgnien- Meniński et l’enseignement des langues orientales en Pologne vers la moitié du XVIIe siècle. In: Rocznik Orientalistyczny 15 (1949), 63–71. Czesława GENEJA, Paul NASTER: François à Mesgnien Meninski à propos d’un manuscrit autographe à la bilbiothèque royale de Belgique. In: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 17 (1986), 253–277. \r\nHimmet UMUNÇ: Meninski’nin Türk Dili ve Kültürü Üzerine Görüşleri: Bir Değerlendirme. In: Başkent Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 32 (2015) 1, 243–257.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Linguist of French origin, orientalist. Until 1661, he was an interpreter of eastern languages for the Polish royal court and later for the Habsburg Monarchy in Vienna, where he became chief interpreter and councilor of the War Council. He regularly carried out small diplomatic missions at the court of the pasha of Buda and other places in the borderland, while he also participated in the training of interpreters. In 1669, he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and became a member of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. He was an inspector of the Oriental Trading Company, investigating prohibitions on trade in goods. In 1683, he was in the city during the siege of Vienna, acting as interpreter. He served as an interpreter until his death in Vienna.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
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"label": "ID: 5205",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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"name": "",
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"start_date_written": null,
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: Egy császári tolmács megfigyelései. Giorgio Cleronome magyarországi utazása 1664-ben. In: Lymbus – magyarságtudományi forrásközlemények (2004), 71–77.\r\nDóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He joined the apprentice interpreters of resident envoy Simon Reniger as Nikousios Panagotis’ protégé in the early 1660s. He served mainly in Constantinople at the Habsburg permanent embassy, but also received minor assignments in Vienna. After 1663 he served as a fully accredited imperial interpreter at the house of the resident envoy in Constantinople. During the Great Turkish War, he performed spy service at the Sultan’s residence, staying in the house of the Dutch resident envoy.",
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"label": "graviz",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/16377/?format=api",
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],
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]
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{
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],
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{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19287/?format=api",
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"text": [
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{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19570/?format=api",
"id": 19570,
"name": "Hacı Feyzullah Efendi",
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"notes": "",
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"references": "",
"notes": "",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [],
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},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19275/?format=api",
"id": 19275,
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Originally interpreter of the Bavarian Elector, served as interpreter and spy in the Great Turkish War. He candidate for the position of an imperial interpreter without success in 1691 and 1694. Only in 1699 did he join the staff of the Aulic War Council as interpreter, when he was assigned to Guido Stahremberg as interpreter in the area between the Drava and Sava rivers, and was then posted to Petrovaradin, where he served as interpreter until his death.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5207,
"label": "ID: 5207",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5207/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
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{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19276/?format=api",
"id": 19276,
"name": "",
"review": false,
"start_date": "1699-07-02",
"start_start_date": "1699-01-01",
"start_end_date": "1699-12-31",
"end_date": "1707-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1707-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1707-12-31",
"start_date_written": "1699",
"end_date_written": "1707",
"status": "",
"references": "",
"notes": "",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [],
"collection": []
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19225/?format=api",
"id": 19225,
"name": "",
"review": false,
"start_date": "1693-07-02",
"start_start_date": "1693-01-01",
"start_end_date": "1693-12-31",
"end_date": "1708-07-01",
"end_start_date": "1708-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1708-12-31",
"start_date_written": "1693",
"end_date_written": "1708",
"status": "",
"references": "",
"notes": "",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [],
"collection": []
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{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19255/?format=api",
"id": 19255,
"name": "Jagelsky",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1708-07-01",
"end_start_date": "1708-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1708-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1708",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interprete for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "After a training period at Giovanni Battista Podestà’s seminar for eastern languages, he became apprentice interpreter at the Viennese War Council in 1693. In 1699 he spent a short time in the border commission of Fernando Marsigli, before being sent to study languages in Constantinople with Oettingen’s embassy. In 1700, he applied for the title of interpreter on the recommendation of Marsigli, but was not appointed until 1703. He served with the resident at the Sublime Porte until his death in early 1708.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5198,
"label": "ID: 5198",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5198/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19257/?format=api",
"id": 19257,
"name": "",
"review": false,
"start_date": "1693-07-02",
"start_start_date": "1693-01-01",
"start_end_date": "1693-12-31",
"end_date": "1708-07-01",
"end_start_date": "1708-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1708-12-31",
"start_date_written": "1693",
"end_date_written": "1708",
"status": "",
"references": "",
"notes": "",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [],
"collection": []
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19263/?format=api",
"id": 19263,
"name": "Mammucca della Torre",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1708-07-01",
"end_start_date": "1708-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1708-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1708",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages, chief interpreter",
"references": "E. Natalie ROTHMAN: The The Dragoman Renaissance: Diplomatic Interpreters and the Routes of Orientalism. Ithaca, 2021; https://drrp.digital.utsc.utoronto.ca/\r\nDóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nVincenzio Giulio LODI: L’Immortalita del cavalier Marc Antonio Mamuca della Torre, conte del Sac. Rom. Imp. consigliere attuale di guerra die sua M. Ces. etc. descritta, consecrata alla Sac. Ces. e Real Maesta di Leopoldo I. Vienna, 1701.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "A descendant of the Borisi dynasty of interpreters, he was also related through his wife to the Tarsia family, who also produced a number of distinguished interpreters. He was recruited by resident envoy Simon Reniger as an utmost talented apprentice interpreter and became later an embassy interpreter mainly in Constantinople. He served with the residents in Vienna and Constantinople until the Great Turkish War. During the war he participated in information gathering both at the front and in Constantinople. He was appointed chief interpreter, councilor of the War Council and was given the title of a Count of the Holy Roman Empire by Leopold I. His two sons were also interpreters for eastern languages in Habsburg service.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5201,
"label": "ID: 5201",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5201/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
},
{
"id": 23,
"label": "ORDIP",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/23/"
}
]
}
]
}