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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Originating from Albania, he joined the staff of apprentice interpreters in Constantinople on the recommendation of his father, Luca Dabba di Sumaghi, who was the chaplain of resident envoy Carl Terlingo. He served in the Great Turkish War, in 1689 as an interpreter in Szeged, and from 1690 in Niš.",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "One of the Turkish language interpreters at the court of Emperor Rudolf in Prague. In 1612, his employment as an interpreter was confirmed, but his name disappears from the sources of the War Council. In 1616, he is mentioned among the members of the imperial diplomatic mission to Moscow.",
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"references": "Aneliya STOYANOVA: The dragomans of the Habsburg embassy in Constantinople in the second half of the sixteenth century: the story of Matthias del Faro. In: History Studies, University of Limerick History Society 18 (2017), 95–108.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Being of Greek origin from Pera, he was one of the first sixteenth-century Habsburg interpreters trained in the house of the resident envoy at the Sublime Porte. He served as an interpreter for the Habsburg permanent embassy, except during the Long Turkish War, although he did not leave Constantinople during the conflict. He was involved in the drafting of the Treaty of Edirne in 1568 and in the exchange of the first copies of the Peace of Zsitvatorok in 1608.",
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Trained by the Ragusan Senate, he came to Vienna in search of a better living, where he was appointed as a Turkish, Tatar and “Serbian” (“servianisch”) interpreter. He was employed at the Aulic War Council office and regularly accompanied Turkish and Tatar delegations to Vienna and Bratislava until his death in 1665.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
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"id": 5192,
"label": "ID: 5192",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5192/"
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"label": "QHOD",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19243/?format=api",
"id": 19243,
"name": "Házy",
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"end_date": "1642-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1642-01-01",
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"start_date_written": null,
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "In 1596, while still a child, he was captured and taken to general Adolf Schwarzenberg, who baptized him, trained him as an interpreter and recommended him for imperial service. He was assistant interpreter from 1600, and from 1611 fully accredited interpreter at the fortress of Győr. In addition to interpreting and translating, his duties included escorting Ottoman envoys, and he also participated in several peace negotiations and the drafting of peace treaties. In 1628, with the permission of the captain-general of Győr, he joined the embassies of Johann Ludwig Kuefstein. Similarly, he worked as interpreter for Johann Rudolf Puchheim during his 1633–34 mission to the Sublime Porte. He died in Győr on the 30th of October 1642.",
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"text": [
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}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19253/?format=api",
"id": 19253,
"name": "Illéssy",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": null,
"end_start_date": null,
"end_end_date": null,
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": null,
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "He was transferred from the Transylvanian princely chancellery to the service of the archbishop of Eger (Erlau), István Szuhay , where he assisted him in the peace negotiations during the last years of the Long Turkish War. In 1604, he joined the corps of the Habsburgs’ eastern interpreters and served for a longer period in Prague and Vienna. In addition to his activities as translator and interpreter, he regularly escorted Ottoman delegations and carried out minor missions at the court of the pasha of Buda. He was involved in the correction procedures of the Peace of Zsitvatorok and the Peace of Komárom.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5197,
"label": "ID: 5197",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5197/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19269/?format=api",
"id": 19269,
"name": "Marianovich",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1680-07-01",
"end_start_date": "1680-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1680-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1680",
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "He was probably a spy of Bosnian origin who served already as a “Turkish” courier in the diplomatic mission of Hermann Czernin in 1644. In 1652, he applied to the War Council as an interpreter for eastern languages, where he was employed in a dual capacity as a courier and interpreter. In 1657, he was entrusted with the embassy to the Cossacks together with the archbishop Petrus Parčević. Based on his connections to Bosnia, he was recommended by the President of the Aulic War Council, Annibale Gonzaga for the title of the bishop of Bosnia in 1660. In 1657 Ferdinand III granted him the title of procurator of the Kingdom of Bosnia, confirmed in 1671.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5204,
"label": "ID: 5204",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5204/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19275/?format=api",
"id": 19275,
"name": "Michalovicz",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1707-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1707-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1707-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1707",
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Originally interpreter of the Bavarian Elector, served as interpreter and spy in the Great Turkish War. He candidate for the position of an imperial interpreter without success in 1691 and 1694. Only in 1699 did he join the staff of the Aulic War Council as interpreter, when he was assigned to Guido Stahremberg as interpreter in the area between the Drava and Sava rivers, and was then posted to Petrovaradin, where he served as interpreter until his death.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5207,
"label": "ID: 5207",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5207/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19277/?format=api",
"id": 19277,
"name": "Miro",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": null,
"end_start_date": null,
"end_end_date": null,
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": null,
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "https://drrp.digital.utsc.utoronto.ca/\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "He was recruited as fully trained interpreter from the Venetians and served both in Vienna and Graz. His conflicts, and in particular the alleged threat from the Venetian ambassador, prompted him to ask for his dismissal.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5208,
"label": "ID: 5208",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5208/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19281/?format=api",
"id": 19281,
"name": "Negroni",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1614-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1614-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1614-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1614",
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Rudolf NECK: Andrea Negroni. (Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der österreichisch-türkischen Beziehungen nach dem Frieden von Zsitvatorok). In: Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs 3 (1950), 166–195. \r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "Born in Genova, he was interpreter for eastern languages of Emperor Rudolf and later Archduke Matthias. In addition to several minor diplomatic negotiations, he was the emperor’s extraordinary envoy in Constantinople in 1610 and 1612–1614. In 1614, he was tried for treason and suspended from his duties, dying in captivity before the verdict was delivered.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5210,
"label": "ID: 5210",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5210/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
},
{
"id": 23,
"label": "ORDIP",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/23/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19283/?format=api",
"id": 19283,
"name": "Panagiotis",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1673-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1673-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1673-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1673",
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Gunnar HERING: Panagiotis Nikousios als Dragoman der kaiserlichen Gesandtschaft in Konstantinopel. In: Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik 44 (1994), 143–178.\r\nDamien JANOS: Panaiotis Nicousios and Alexander Mavrocordatos: The Rise of the Phanariots and the Office of Grand Dragoman in the Ottoman Administration in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century. In: Archivum Ottomanicum 23 (2005–2006), 177–196. Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024. Open Access: https://www.reciti.hu/2024/8419",
"notes": "After completing his studies in Padua and Constantinople, the talented young man of Greek origin was hired as an interpreter for the Habsburgs’ delegation in Constantinople in 1645. After the death of resident envoy Alexander Greiffenklau, he headed the embassy as interim agent until the arrival of the new resident, Simon Reniger. From the end of the 1660s, he also interpreted for the Porte, and was the first of the Phanariots to be appointed chief interpreter at the Sublime Porte. At the turn of the 1660s, he gained considerable influence in the circles of the sultan and the grand vizier, while also performing important services for the Habsburgs. He died of a stroke in 1673.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5211,
"label": "ID: 5211",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5211/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/tempentityclass/19289/?format=api",
"id": 19289,
"name": "Pompeis",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": null,
"end_start_date": null,
"end_end_date": null,
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": null,
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "An imperial interpreter from a renegade background. He was involved in the interpreting assignments accompanying the first peace treaty of Szőny, lived in Komárom, and regularly received assignments both in Vienna and in Hungarian locations.",
"published": false,
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5214,
"label": "ID: 5214",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5214/"
}
],
"collection": [
{
"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
]
}
]
}