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"references": "János SZABADOS: An interpreter on a diplomatic mission to the Grand Vizier. In Fons: Source Research and Historical Studies 27 (2020), 61-95; Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016): 27–44; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages, chief interpreter",
"references": "Bohdan BARANOWSKI: F. Mesgnien- Meniński et l’enseignement des langues orientales en Pologne vers la moitié du XVIIe siècle. In: Rocznik Orientalistyczny 15 (1949), 63–71; Czesława GENEJA, Paul NASTER: François à Mesgnien Meninski à propos d’un manuscrit autographe à la bilbiothèque royale de Belgique. In: Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, 17 (1986), 253–277; Himmet UMUNÇ: Meninski’nin Türk Dili ve Kültürü Üzerine Görüşleri: Bir Değerlendirme. In: Başkent Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 32 (2015) 1, 243–257; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Linguist of French origin, orientalist. Until 1661, he was an interpreter of eastern languages for the Polish royal court and later for the Habsburg Monarchy in Vienna, where he became chief interpreter and councilor of the War Council. He regularly carried out small diplomatic missions at the court of the Pasha of Buda and other places in the borderland, while he also participated in the training of interpreters. In 1669, he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and became a member of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. He was an inspector of the Oriental Trading Company, investigating prohibitions on trade in goods. In 1683, he was in the city during the siege of Vienna, acting as interpreter. He served as an interpreter until his death in Vienna.",
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: Egy császári tolmács megfigyelései. Giorgio Cleronome magyarországi utazása 1664-ben. In: Lymbus – magyarságtudományi forrásközlemények (2004), 71–77.\r\nDóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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