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"notes": "As a fully qualified Ragusan interpreter, he applied for an appointment to the staff of resident envoy Georg Christoph Kunitz in Constantinople. According to the envoy’s description, he was well prepared, and spoke Turkish, Persian, Arabic and Russian (Slavic language).",
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"notes": "As an interpreter of Syrian Arab origin working for Habsburg`s Oriental Trading Company, he applied for a job as an imperial interpreter on the recommendation of the War Council in 1673, but due to the lack of vacancies he was only given minor assignments until 1678. In the same year, he interpreted with Heinrich Julius Wogin in internuntius Franz Peter Hoffmann’s delegation in Constantinople. Until his death in 1681, he worked mainly at the War Council office in Vienna – where he also taught at Giovanni Battista Podestà’s seminars on eastern languages – and temporarily served in Constantinople with the resident.",
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"notes": "He was recruited as an interpreter for the Bavarian regiments in 1686, although the War Council was concerned about his French origins. In the same year, he was transferred to Buda to replace Johann Adam Lachowitz, who had been recalled due to illness. In 1688 he is registered as a fully accredited War Council interpreter, his last known place of service being Székesfehérvár.",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. In: Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016), 27–44.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1644, he joined the group of apprentice interpreters in Constantinople, but left the imperial service soon and converted. Around 1650, he returned to the Habsburg Monarchy and became a Christian again. From 1652 he was assistant interpreter in Győr and later in Komárom.",
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"notes": "Born in 1599 in Silesia. He was apprentice interpreter during the mission of resident envoy Sebastian Lustrier in Constantinople. Originally a student of philosophy, he was prepared for the service both of an interpreter and a resident in Lustrier’s house. His further fate is unknown.",
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "On the recommendation of his brother Giorgio Cleronome and Nikousios Panagotis, he was appointed to the post of apprentice interpreter alongside the Habsburgs’ residents in Constantinople. After his appointment as a fully trained interpreter in 1680, he served both in Vienna and Constantinople. From 1684 he took part in the Great Turkish War as a field interpreter, and died after the siege of Niš.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Pantaleone",
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"status": "apprentice interpreter (Sprachknabe), imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna Cziráki: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He was originally the secretary of resident envoy Giovanni Battista Casanova, in 1673 he applied for the post of an apprentice interpreter on his recommendation. After a successful training period he was appointed as fully accredited interpreter in Győr in 1678. He regularly accompanied Ottoman envoys from Győr to Vienna, while he also translated for imperial envoys in Buda. From 1683 he took part in military campaigns as a field interpreter. Beginning with 1688, he was sent to the new borders as an interpreter in Osijek and Belgrade. After several unsuccessful petitions, he was finally transferred to Vienna in 1694 to fill the vacancy left by Heinrich Julius Wogin, and served at the War Council until his death.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Johann Heinrich",
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"end_date": "1680-07-01",
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "István HILLER: A tolmácsper. A bécsi Haditanács és a Habsburgok tolmácsai a 17. század első felében. In: Történelmi Szemle 33 (1991), 203–214.\r\nZdravko ŠUNDRICA: Poisons and Poisoning in the Republic of Ragusa. In: Dubrovnik Annals 4 (2000), 7–79.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1636, as a trained Ragusan interpreter, he entered Habsburg service as the protégé of resident envoy Sebastian Lustrier. He was placed in the midst of intense rivalry in the War Council after surviving a poisoning attempt on his life by Michel D’Asquier and Johann Rudolf Schmid in 1633. In addition to his service at the imperial Court, he worked for the Hungarian Palatine Miklós Esterházy, and from 1648 he also interpreted in Nové Zámky. From 1651 he lived in Madrid, where he was court interpreter of King Philip IV of Spain. He married there a noble Spanish woman and never returned to Ragusa. He died in Spain after 1668 (possibly in 1680).",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Vincenzo",
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"id": 19112,
"name": "Cleronome",
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: Egy császári tolmács megfigyelései. Giorgio Cleronome magyarországi utazása 1664-ben. In: Lymbus – magyarságtudományi forrásközlemények (2004), 71–77.\r\nDóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He joined the apprentice interpreters of resident envoy Simon Reniger as Nikousios Panagotis’ protégé in the early 1660s. He served mainly in Constantinople at the Habsburg permanent embassy, but also received minor assignments in Vienna. After 1663 he served as a fully accredited imperial interpreter at the house of the resident envoy in Constantinople. During the Great Turkish War, he performed spy service at the Sultan’s residence, staying in the house of the Dutch resident envoy.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Giorgio",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1686, he applied for a post as an interpreter in Buda, but was instead assigned to the Bavarian regiments. A year later he served as a field interpreter with the imperial military corps operating in the region of the river Tisza in Hungary. He died as an interpreter of General Federico Ambrosio Veterani in 1692.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Martin",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. In: Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016), 27–44.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "As a Syrian-born interpreter originating from Aleppo, he worked for the War Council of Inner Austria in Graz between 1646 and 1648. In 1649, he joined Johann Rudolf Schmid’s embassy to Constantinople as an interpreter, where he renounced his imperial service and converted to Islam.",
"published": false,
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"references": "János SZABADOS: Habsburg-Ottoman Communication in the Mid-17th-Century – The Death of Imperial Courier Johann Dietz. A Case Study. In: Osmanli Arastilmalari / Journal of Ottoman Studies 54 (2019) 2, 119–140.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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