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"first_name": "Giovanni Francesco",
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"references": "CZIRÁKI Zsuzsanna: Követ vagy szélhámos? A Habsburg-diplomácia útvesztői egy konstantinápolyi gyilkosság tükrében. In: Aetas – Történettudományi folyóirat 31 (2016) 3, 22–39;\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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],
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"notes": "From 1665 he was a pupil of Franz Mesgnien von Meninsky, and from 1668 he received also minor translating tasks. In 1670 he is mentioned as an interpreter in the Feldkriegskanzlei, while he is also a scribe (Hofkriegsrat-Konzipist) in the War Council. He is consciously trained in oriental languages as well as in Ottoman diplomacy both in Vienna and Constantinople. In 1678 he was appointed resident envoy to the Sublime Porte, although his death thwarts the mission.",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Son of Johann Friedrich Vischer, secretary of the War Council and Helena Fellner von Feldegg, brother of Franz Heinrich Vischer. As a protégé of his stepfather, Johann Rudolf Schmid, he was brought to the house of the Habsburg resident envoy at the Sublime Porte in 1655, where he learned Turkish and the basics of Ottoman diplomacy. He aspired to the title of resident, but died before his training can be completed.",
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"references": "KEREKES Dóra, „A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején”, Századok 138 (2004): 1189–1228; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"text": [
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1665, he was accepted as an apprentice, travelling with ambassador Walter Leslie to the Sublime Porte. On his return to Vienna, dissatisfied with his education, he asked to be sent back to Constantinople, but in vain, and finally resigned.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Lodovico",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"id": 5228,
"label": "ID: 5228",
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],
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"review": false,
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"start_end_date": null,
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"end_start_date": "1656-01-01",
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"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1656",
"status": "apprentice interpreter (Sprachknabe)",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. In: Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016), 27–44.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1644, he joined the group of apprentice interpreters in Constantinople, but left the imperial service soon and converted. Around 1650, he returned to the Habsburg Monarchy and became a Christian again. From 1652 he was assistant interpreter in Győr and later in Komárom.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Domenicus Pius",
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"source": null,
"text": [
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Born in 1599 in Silesia. He was apprentice interpreter during the mission of resident envoy Sebastian Lustrier in Constantinople. Originally a student of philosophy, he was prepared for the service both of an interpreter and a resident in Lustrier’s house. His further fate is unknown.",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19109/?format=api",
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"name": "Boringer",
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"start_date": null,
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"end_start_date": "1678-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1678-12-31",
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"end_date_written": "1678",
"status": "apprentice interpreter (Sprachknabe), imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna Cziráki: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He was originally the secretary of resident envoy Giovanni Battista Casanova, in 1673 he applied for the post of an apprentice interpreter on his recommendation. After a successful training period he was appointed as fully accredited interpreter in Győr in 1678. He regularly accompanied Ottoman envoys from Győr to Vienna, while he also translated for imperial envoys in Buda. From 1683 he took part in military campaigns as a field interpreter. Beginning with 1688, he was sent to the new borders as an interpreter in Osijek and Belgrade. After several unsuccessful petitions, he was finally transferred to Vienna in 1694 to fill the vacancy left by Heinrich Julius Wogin, and served at the War Council until his death.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Johann Heinrich",
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"source": null,
"text": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19113/?format=api",
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"name": "Cleronome",
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"end_date": "1690-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1690-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1690-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1690",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interprete for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "On the recommendation of his brother Giorgio Cleronome and Nikousios Panagotis, he was appointed to the post of apprentice interpreter alongside the Habsburgs’ residents in Constantinople. After his appointment as a fully trained interpreter in 1680, he served both in Vienna and Constantinople. From 1684 he took part in the Great Turkish War as a field interpreter, and died after the siege of Niš.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Pantaleone",
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"source": null,
"text": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19251/?format=api",
"id": 19251,
"name": "Hueber",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
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"end_date": "1689-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1689-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1689-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1689",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interprete for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Trained by Giovanni Battista Podestà at his seminar for eastern languages, he improved his language competence both in Vienna and Constantinople. He served in the Great Turkish War, and in 1687 he became a fully accredited interpreter and was posted to Siklós. Here he was soon captured by the Tatars. Attempts to ransom him were unsuccessful until 1689, he probably died in captivity.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Bartholomäus",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19255/?format=api",
"id": 19255,
"name": "Jagelsky",
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"end_start_date": "1708-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1708-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1708",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interprete for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "After a training period at Giovanni Battista Podestà’s seminar for eastern languages, he became apprentice interpreter at the Viennese War Council in 1693. In 1699 he spent a short time in the border commission of Fernando Marsigli, before being sent to study languages in Constantinople with Count Oetting’s embassy. In 1700, he applied for the title of interpreter on the recommendation of Marsigli, but was not appointed until 1703. He served with the resident at the Sublime Porte until his death in early 1708.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Lucas Franz",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5198/"
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"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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{
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
],
"profession": [
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"id": 537,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/537/",
"parent_id": null
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],
"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19258/?format=api",
"id": 19258,
"name": "Lachowitz",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1709-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1709-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1709-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1709",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interprete for eastern languages",
"references": "Hajnalka TÓTH: Harminc év Habsburg-szolgálatban. Betekintés Johann Adam Lachowitz török tolmács áldozatos munkájába (1678–1709). In: Fons – Forráskutatás és Történeti Segédtudományok. 26 (2019) 1, 41–62; Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1678, as a pupil of the chief interpreter Meninsky, he was appointed to the staff of interpreters and joined the Habsburg embassy in Constantinople to improve his language skills with Podestà and his students. In 1682 he was appointed to the staff of the War Council as interpreter, replacing Ridolfi di Aleppino, and was assigned to work as an interpreter alongside internuncius Caprara. In 1683, he was appointed to Charles V of Lorraine and served as a field interpreter in the Ottoman wars, but suffered a nervous breakdown at the siege of Buda and was reinstated in Vienna. From 1688, he was involved in the negotiations for the Habsburg-Ottoman peace treaties, and later interpreted for Count Oetting’s embassy at the Sublime Porte. In 1699, he unsuccessfully applied for the post of resident envoy, and was instead appointed Secretary of the Eastern Languages in Vienna.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Johann Adam",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5199,
"label": "ID: 5199",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5199/"
}
],
"collection": [
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"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
],
"profession": [
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"id": 537,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/537/",
"parent_id": null
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],
"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19112/?format=api",
"id": 19112,
"name": "Cleronome",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1699-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1699-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1699-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1699",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: Egy császári tolmács megfigyelései. Giorgio Cleronome magyarországi utazása 1664-ben. In: Lymbus – magyarságtudományi forrásközlemények (2004), 71–77.\r\nDóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He joined the apprentice interpreters of resident envoy Simon Reniger as Nikousios Panagotis’ protégé in the early 1660s. He served mainly in Constantinople at the Habsburg permanent embassy, but also received minor assignments in Vienna. After 1663 he served as a fully accredited imperial interpreter at the house of the resident envoy in Constantinople. During the Great Turkish War, he performed spy service at the Sultan’s residence, staying in the house of the Dutch resident envoy.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Giorgio",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
{
"id": 5111,
"label": "ID: 5111",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5111/"
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"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
],
"profession": [
{
"id": 537,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/537/",
"parent_id": null
}
],
"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19267/?format=api",
"id": 19267,
"name": "Mammucca della Torre",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
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"end_start_date": null,
"end_end_date": null,
"start_date_written": null,
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Second son of the interpreter Marcantonio Mammucca della Torre and Giustiniana Tarsia. He was appointed to the post of interpreter at the same time as his brother Leopold. Through his father, he and his brother hold the title of a Count of the Holy Roman Empire.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Christoph",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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],
"profession": [
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"id": 537,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/537/",
"parent_id": null
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],
"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19265/?format=api",
"id": 19265,
"name": "Mammucca della Torre",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1712-07-01",
"end_start_date": "1712-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1712-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1712",
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "First-born son of the interpreter Marcantonio Mammucca della Torre, his godfather was Emperor Leopold I. As a young child, he was made an apprentice interpreter by his father in 1684, and two years later he recieved already the title of an interpreter. Between 1701 and 1703, while retaining his position as interpreter, he was appointed resident envoy at the Porte, and in 1708 he was transferred to Petrovaradin in place of the deceased Wolfgang Zacharias Cantig.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Leopold",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"id": 5202,
"label": "ID: 5202",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5202/"
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],
"collection": [
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"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
},
{
"id": 18,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
}
],
"profession": [
{
"id": 537,
"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/537/",
"parent_id": null
}
],
"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19291/?format=api",
"id": 19291,
"name": "Porphyrita",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": null,
"end_start_date": null,
"end_end_date": null,
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": null,
"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Gunnar HERING: Panagiotis Nikousios als Dragoman der kaiserlichen Gesandtschaft in Konstantinopel. In: Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik 44 (1994), 143–178; Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "The nephew, disciple and protégé of Nikousios Panagiotis was hired as an apprentice interpreter in 1665, alongside the resident envoy of Constantinople. In 1667 he continued his studies in Vienna and in 1668, after passing the examinations, he was admitted to the profession of interpreter. He served at the Habsburg delegation in Constantinople and was in the city during the Great Turkish War, spying for the War Council.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Janaki",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"id": 5215,
"label": "ID: 5215",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5215/"
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],
"collection": [
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"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "János SZABADOS: An interpreter on a diplomatic mission to the Grand Vizier. In Fons: Source Research and Historical Studies 27 (2020), 61-95; Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016): 27–44; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Born around 1622, he was admitted to the apprentice interpreters in 1644, trained in Constantinople until 1651, then by Michel D´Asquier in Vienna - partly because of complaints about his behavior. In 1653 he temporarily studied in Győr with Josephus Barbatus and performed minor interpreting duties. In 1658 he performed a minor diplomatic mission to Belgrade to the camp of the Grand Vizier, and in 1659 he was sent with the internuncius to Constantinople and to the Pasha of Buda. In Vienna, he was not only an interpreter for the War Council, but also an inspector for the Oriental Trading Company and an escort for Ottoman and Tatar embassies. In 1672, he unsuccessfully applied for the post of resident envoy to Constantinople. In the Great Turkish War he served mostly in Vienna, and for shorter periods with General Caraffa in Upper Hungary and in Buda until his death in 1694.",
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages, chief interpreter",
"references": "E. Natalie ROTHMAN: The The Dragoman Renaissance: Diplomatic Interpreters and the Routes of Orientalism. Ithaca, 2021; Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228; Vincenzio Giulio LODI: L’Immortalita del cavalier Marc Antonio Mamuca della Torre, conte del Sac. Rom. Imp. consigliere attuale di guerra die sua M. Ces. etc. descritta, consecrata alla Sac. Ces. e Real Maesta di Leopoldo I. Vienna, 1701.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228; Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. In: Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016), 27–44; Zsuzsanna Cziráki: Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, Turkish courier",
"references": "János SZABADOS: Habsburg-Ottoman Communication in the Mid-17th-Century – The Death of Imperial Courier Johann Dietz. A Case Study. In: Osmanli Arastilmalari / Journal of Ottoman Studies 54 (2019) 2, 119–140.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "https://www.biolex.ios-regensburg.de/BioLexViewview.php?ID=1455",
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"status": "ASK Das StHB kennt keinen Leopold Purschka, nur Peregrin Purschka, Hofrat am Obersten Gerichtshof",
"references": "",
"notes": "",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Leopold",
"gender": "male",
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"status": "ASK Es ist nicht klar, ob Anton Conte de Lucovich oder Anton Lucovich Ritter v. Ascrivio",
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"published": false,
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"status": "ASK Es kann sich nicht um diesen handeln, S. 285, geboren 1869",
"references": "RegierungsPloetz3",
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"label": "importCisl",
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"id": 14,
"label": "Import Ministerlisten vor 1867 (4-20)",
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"id": 15,
"label": "importÖvor1867",
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"label": "Import additional Entities 2-21",
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"status": "ASK Es lässt sich aus den Angaben nicht sagen, um welchen Alexander Rainer es sich handelt",
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"published": false,
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