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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19104/?format=api",
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"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században",
"notes": "As an interpreter of Syrian Arab origin working for Habsburg`s Oriental Trading Company, he applied for a job as an imperial interpreter on the recommendation of the War Council in 1673, but due to the lack of vacancies he was only given minor assignments until 1678. In the same year, he interpreted with Heinrich Julius Wogin in internuntius Franz Peter Hoffmann’s delegation in Constantinople. Until his death in 1681, he worked mainly at the War Council office in Vienna – where he also taught at Giovanni Battista Podestà’s seminars on eastern languages – and temporarily served in Constantinople with the resident.",
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19110/?format=api",
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"name": "Bratutti",
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"references": "István HILLER: A tolmácsper. A bécsi Haditanács és a Habsburgok tolmácsai a 17. század első felében. In: Történelmi Szemle 33 (1991), 203–214.\r\nZdravko ŠUNDRICA: Poisons and Poisoning in the Republic of Ragusa. In: Dubrovnik Annals 4 (2000), 7–79.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "In 1636, as a trained Ragusan interpreter, he entered Habsburg service as the protégé of resident envoy Sebastian Lustrier. He was placed in the midst of intense rivalry in the War Council after surviving a poisoning attempt on his life by Michel D’Asquier and Johann Rudolf Schmid in 1633. In addition to his service at the imperial Court, he worked for the Hungarian Palatine Miklós Esterházy, and from 1648 he also interpreted in Nové Zámky. From 1651 he lived in Madrid, where he was court interpreter of King Philip IV of Spain. He married there a noble Spanish woman and never returned to Ragusa. He died in Spain after 1668 (possibly in 1680).",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Vincenzo",
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"source": null,
"text": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5109/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/537/",
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"title": [],
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19269/?format=api",
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"name": "Marianovich",
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"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He was probably a spy of Bosnian origin who served already as a “Turkish” courier in the diplomatic mission of Hermann Czernin in 1644. In 1652, he applied to the War Council as an interpreter for eastern languages, where he was employed in a dual capacity as a courier and interpreter. In 1657, he was entrusted with the embassy to the Cossacks together with Archbishop Petrus Parčević. Based on his connections to Bosnia, he was recommended by the President of the War Council, Annibale Gonzaga, for the title of the Bishop of Bosnia in 1660. In 1657 Ferdinand III granted him the title of Procurator of the Kingdom of Bosnia, confirmed in 1671.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Christoph",
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"source": null,
"text": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19109/?format=api",
"id": 19109,
"name": "Boringer",
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"status": "apprentice interpreter (Sprachknabe), imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228.\r\nZsuzsanna Cziráki: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "He was originally the secretary of resident envoy Giovanni Battista Casanova, in 1673 he applied for the post of an apprentice interpreter on his recommendation. After a successful training period he was appointed as fully accredited interpreter in Győr in 1678. He regularly accompanied Ottoman envoys from Győr to Vienna, while he also translated for imperial envoys in Buda. From 1683 he took part in military campaigns as a field interpreter. Beginning with 1688, he was sent to the new borders as an interpreter in Osijek and Belgrade. After several unsuccessful petitions, he was finally transferred to Vienna in 1694 to fill the vacancy left by Heinrich Julius Wogin, and served at the War Council until his death.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Johann Heinrich",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"title": [],
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19293/?format=api",
"id": 19293,
"name": "Sattler",
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"end_date": "1678-07-02",
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"end_end_date": "1678-12-31",
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"status": "apprentice interpreter",
"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "From 1665 he was a pupil of Franz Mesgnien von Meninsky, and from 1668 he received also minor translating tasks. In 1670 he is mentioned as an interpreter in the Feldkriegskanzlei, while he is also a scribe (Hofkriegsrat-Konzipist) in the War Council. He is consciously trained in oriental languages as well as in Ottoman diplomacy both in Vienna and Constantinople. In 1678 he was appointed resident envoy to the Sublime Porte, although his death thwarts the mission.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Maximilian Erasmus",
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"source": null,
"text": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19315/?format=api",
"id": 19315,
"name": "Zemper",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
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"end_date": "1678-07-02",
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"start_date_written": null,
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"status": "apprentice interpreter, imperial interpreter for eastern languages, ensign",
"references": "Dóra KEREKES: A császári tolmácsok a magyarországi visszafoglaló háborúk idején. In: Századok 138 (2004), 1189–1228; Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. In: Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016), 27–44; Zsuzsanna Cziráki: Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "Born around 1627, he was an apprentice interpreter in Constantinople from 1644. In 1651, he applied for a post as interpreter, but failed Michel D´Asquier's examination. In 1653, he was appointed fully accredited interpreter in Győr replacing Josephus Barbatus, and in 1656 he was appointed an ensign in the same fortress. He was regularly entrusted with escorting Ottoman embassies between Vienna and the Hungarian border, but also performed missions to the court of the Pasha of Buda as an interpreter and ensign until his death.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Johann Georg",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"id": 5227,
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/5227/"
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"collection": [
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"id": 17,
"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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"profession": [
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"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/16952/?format=api",
"id": 16952,
"name": "Herberstein",
"review": false,
"start_date": "1640-07-01",
"start_start_date": "1640-01-01",
"start_end_date": "1640-12-31",
"end_date": "1675-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1675-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1675-12-31",
"start_date_written": "1640",
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"status": "distinct",
"references": "",
"notes": "",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Johann Ferdinand",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"id": 3757,
"label": "ID: 3757",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/text/3757/"
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"collection": [
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"id": 1,
"label": "Default import collection",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/1/"
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"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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],
"profession": [
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"id": 244,
"label": "General",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/vocabularies/professiontype/244/",
"parent_id": null
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],
"title": [],
"sameAs": [
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},
{
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/entities/person/19283/?format=api",
"id": 19283,
"name": "Nikousios",
"review": false,
"start_date": null,
"start_start_date": null,
"start_end_date": null,
"end_date": "1673-07-02",
"end_start_date": "1673-01-01",
"end_end_date": "1673-12-31",
"start_date_written": null,
"end_date_written": "1673",
"status": "imperial interpreter for eastern languages",
"references": "Gunnar HERING: Panagiotis Nikousios als Dragoman der kaiserlichen Gesandtschaft in Konstantinopel. In: Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik 44 (1994), 143–178; Damien JANOS: Panaiotis Nicousios and Alexander Mavrocordatos: The Rise of the Phanariots and the Office of Grand Dragoman in the Ottoman Administration in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century. In: Archivum Ottomanicum 23 (2005–2006), 177–196; Zsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
"notes": "After completing his studies in Padua and Constantinople, the talented young man of Greek origin was hired as an interpreter for the Habsburgs’ delegation in Constantinople in 1645. After the death of resident envoy Alexander Greiffenklau, he headed the embassy as interim agent until the arrival of the new resident, Simon Reniger. From the end of the 1660s, he also interpreted for the Porte, and was the first of the Phanariots to be appointed chief interpreter at the Sublime Porte. At the turn of the 1660s, he gained considerable influence in the circles of the sultan and the grand vizier, while also performing important services for the Habsburgs. He died of a stroke in 1673.",
"published": false,
"first_name": "Panagiotis",
"gender": "male",
"source": null,
"text": [
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"collection": [
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"label": "QHOD",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/17/"
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"label": "Dolmetscher",
"url": "https://mpr.acdh.oeaw.ac.at/apis/api/metainfo/collection/18/"
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],
"profession": [
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"references": "Zsuzsanna CZIRÁKI: Language Students and Interpreters at the Mid-seventeenth-century Habsburg Embassy in Constantinople. In: Theatrum Historiae 19 (2016), 27–44.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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"references": "János SZABADOS: Habsburg-Ottoman Communication in the Mid-17th-Century – The Death of Imperial Courier Johann Dietz. A Case Study. In: Osmanli Arastilmalari / Journal of Ottoman Studies 54 (2019) 2, 119–140.\r\nZsuzsanna CZIRÀKI: A Habsburg Monarchia keleti nyelvi tolmácsai a 17. században, Reciti - Budapest, 2024.",
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